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"S"
S1S2E
Term meaning surfaced one side and two edges.
S4S
Surfaced four sides.
Salvage
The harvesting of dead and dying timber while it still has commercial value is called 'salvage.' Trees impacted by fire, insects, and disease can often be salvaged.
Sapwood
The younger wood nearer to the surface of the tree, which does not have the natural extractives (chemicals) to prevent decay. (The outer layers between the bark and the hardwood that contains the sap)
Saw Textured
A texture intentionally put on a piece f siding or paneling to give it a textured or rough appearance.
Sealant
Water repellents which may be forced into the wood along with the chemical preservative in a closed cylinder under pressure. However, treated wood should be cleaned and resealed yearly to maintain optimum appearance.
Seasoning
Wood is both air-dried and steam kiln-dried to reduce the water content.
Select Structural
The highest grade given to Planks and Structural Joists. This grade is given to lumber with high quality in appearance, strength and stiffness.
Select Tight Knot (STK)
A grade often used referring to cedar lumber. STK lumber is graded based on the tightness or strength of the knots differentiated from lumber containing loose knots or knotholes.
Shade-tolerant
The capacity of a tree or plant species to develop and grow in the shade of, and in competition with, other trees or plants.
Shake
A separation lengthwise between growth rings. Examples are: fine, slight, medium, open, cup, round, ring, shell, through, and pith. Shake is also a name for roofing material usually made from cedar. They usually have one surface with a natural grain texture / spilt surface.
Sheathing
Plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board or lumber used for roofs, floors, or to close up walls prior to the finish materials being applied.
"S"
Shim
A small piece of material used as a wedge in construction. Or, a narrow piece of wood, not more than 3/16” wide, used in replacing defects in plywood.
Shiplap
Lumber that has been cut to form a rabbeted edge on each side so when put next to each other the pieces may be fitted snugly together for increased strength and stability.
Silviculture
The art and science of growing and tending a forest (managing stands of trees to achieve desired outcomes relative to species composition and stand structure).
Solid Core
Term used to describe the inner layers of paneling or plywood that has no voids, gaps, or open irregularities and whose grain runs perpendicular to the to the outer piles. Also, a term used for a flush door with no voids between the skins often used in entries as a fire-resistant door.
Solid Moulding
This is a piece of moulding produced from a single piece of wood opposed to finger-jointed pieces.
Southern Yellow Pine
A species of trees composed of Loblolly, Longleaf, Shortleaf, and Slash Pines. The Southern Yellow Pine region extends from Texas to Virginia.
Spruce-Fir-Pine (SPF)
These three Canadian woods are grouped, marketed and sold together because of their similarities. SPF species are easy to work with and very often used in general construction. They are white to pale in color. (White Woods)
Stand
A community of trees sufficiently uniform in species, age, arrangement or condition to be distinguishable as a group from the forest or other growth on the area.
Starch
Sugar is stored in a tree as starch, which is a complex carbohydrate. This is an available energy source.
Stewardship
The concept of responsible caretaking; the concept is based on the premise that we do not own resources, but are managers of resources and are responsible to future generations for their condition.
Sturd-I-Floor
A registered trade name given by the American Plywood Association for a tongue and grooved plywood panel specifically designed for use as a sub-floor in residential construction. It is available in several thicknesses.
Sustained Yield
A method of forest management that calls for an approximate balance between net growth and amount harvested.
"T"
Textured 1-11 (T 1-11)
A registered trade name given by the American Plywood Association for textured siding panels with grooves spaced equidistant apart along the face.
Thinning
The process of removing excess and poorer quality trees from a stand for the purpose of improving the growth and value of the remaining crop trees.
Tongue and Groove (T&G)
Lumber machined on the edges to have a protruding tongue on one side with a machined groove on the other to form a snug fit when placed side by side other pieces with the same machined edges. The tongue fits into the groove.
Tree Farm
A privately owned woodland where sustainable forest management is the primary objective.
Turpentine
This is a paper making by-product commonly used as paint thinner and solvent.
Twist
This distortion is distinguished by the turning or winding of the edges of a board so that the four corners of any face are no longer on the same plane.Twist
Tyvek®
a brand of flashspun high-density polyethylene fibers, a synthetic material; the name is a registered trademark of the DuPont company, known for their production of chemicals and textiles. Tyvek is often used as housewrap, a synthetic material used to protect buildings during construction, or as personal protective equipment against lethal viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.[1] The material is difficult to tear, but can easily be cut with scissors or a knife. Water vapor can pass through Tyvek, but liquid water cannot. All of these properties have led to Tyvek being used in a variety of applications.
"U"
Undercourse
Shingles used for the initial layer (usually low grade shingles) on a double-coursed sidewall of a building.
Understory
The layer formed by the crowns of smaller tree in a forest.
Uneven-aged Stand Management
The practice of managing a forest for various age classes, by periodically selecting and harvesting individual trees based on age.
"V"
"V"
Usually used when referring to V-Groove, this is often seen in tongue and grooved pieces of lumber. Edges are often chamfered where pieces are placed edge to edge. Also, a V-groove is also machined on the face of a piece of lumber to provide decoration.
Vapor Barrier
A plastic or paper sheet, or paint, or any barrier placed on the warm side of a wall to prevent the movement of vapor through the wall.
Vertical Grain (VG)
Lumber that is sawn at 45 to 90 degree angles to the growth rings. The growth rings are close to perpendicular to the surface of the piece of lumber. VG is often used in flooring because of the durability.
"W"
Wainscot
A lower wall surface that is different than the upper wall surface. This usually extends three to four feet from the floor up. This is the lower portion of the wall that is a contrast to the upper portion of the wall.
Wane
This refers to barked or lack of wood on the edge of a piece of lumber. Or in plywood the thin to open areas in the veneer sheets that are a result from bark or irregularities.
Warp
Any variation from the surface plane of a piece of lumber including, but not limiting, any bows, crooks, or cups in the lumber.
Western Red Cedar
A soft wood, found in the upper north west of the U.S. and parts of Canada, is straight grained and resistant to rot, decay and insect damage. This species, thuja plicata, is used extensively for roof coverings, decks, fences, exterior sidings and other outdoor applications.
"X Y Z"
Z Flashing
A metal flashing, shaped like a Z, applied between plywood panels to shed water.
ZIP System®
streamlines the weatherization process with an integrated air and water-resistive barrier that delivers moisture and air protection in one easy-to-install system.